Persistently elevated uric acid in post-COVID-19 syndrome

Authors

Keywords:

COVID-19; Uric acid; Endothelial damage; Post-COVID syndrome.

Abstract

When a person becomes ill with COVID-19, symptoms do not disappear once the virus leaves the body; some symptoms persist for months after the disease is diagnosed. There is also a persistent increase in metabolites resulting from respiratory disorders, such as uric acid, which can be used as a marker of severity and endothelial damage. In order to characterize the behavior of uric acid in post-COVID-19 syndrome during the first year of follow-up in the consultation office enabled at Polyclinic 2 Ángel Ortiz Vázquez in Manzanillo, an analytical case-control study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022, including 50 cases and 75 controls, using theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods. The average age of cases and controls was similar; most admitted cases were reported as requiring care. At 6 and 12 months of follow-up, the predominant symptom was fatigue; the uric acid delta in the cases was higher than in the controls, and the most frequent disease related to hyperuricemia among the cases was gouty arthritis. There is an association between elevated uric acid and post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Suarez V, Suarez Quesada M, Oros Ruiz S, Ronquillo De Jesús E. Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México del 27 de febrero al 30 de abril del 2020. Ver Clin Esp [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30/05/2025]; 220(8): 463-71. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7250750/pdf/main.pdf

2. Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute COVID-19 in primary care. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30/05/2025]; 370: 3026. Disponible en: doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3026

3. Amsalem D, Dixon LB, Neria Y. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and mental health: current risks and recommended actions. JAMA Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [citado 30/05/2025]; 78(1): 9-10. Disponible en: doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1730

4. Patel H, Basra M, Muralidhar R, Beckler MD, Kesselman MM. Exploring the Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 and Uric Acid Levels With a Focus on Gout Patients: A Scoping Review. Cureus [Internet]. 2024 [citado 30/05/2025]; 16(3): e57138. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11057641/pdf/cureus-0016-00000057138.pdf

5. Tenforde MW, Kim SS, Lindsell CJ, Billig Rose E, Shapiro NI, Files DC, et al. Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network: United States, March-June 2020. MMWR [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30/05/2025]; 69(30): 993-8. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6930e1-H.pdf

6. Ran E, Zou Y, Zhao C, Liu K, Yuan J, Yang W, et al. COVID-19 in discharged patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: one-year follow-up and evaluation. Front. Endocrinol (Lausanne) [Internet]. 2025 [citado 30/05/2025]; 16(1519993): 1-11. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11832373/pdf/fendo-16-1519993.pdf

7. Pérez Fernández O. Correlación del delta de ácido úrico con Apache II como marcadores de severidad en pacientes con SARS COV 2 en la UCI [Tesis]. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 2021 [citado 30/05/2025]. Disponible en: https://ru.dgb.unam.mx/bitstream/20.500.14330/TES01000818003/3/0818003.pdf

8. Dufour I, Werion A, Belkhir L, Wisniewska A, Perrot M, De Greef J, et al. Serum uric acid, disease severity and outcomes in COVID-19. Crit Care [Internet]. 2021 [citado 30/05/2025]; 25: 212-24. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8201458/pdf/13054_2021_Article_3616.pdf

9. Morin L, Savale L, Pham T, Colle R, Figueiredo S, Harrois A, et al. Writing committee for the COMEBAC Study Group. Four-month clinical status of a cohort of patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. JAMA [Internet]. 2021 [citado 30/05/2025]; 325(15): 1525-34. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7970386/

10. Amenta EM, Spallone A, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, El Sahly HM, Atmar RL, Kulkarni PA. Postacute COVID-19: An Overview and Approach to Classification. Open Forum Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 Oct [citado 26/11/2025]; 7(12): ofaa509. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7665635/

11. Türkmen E, Karataş A, Gullu YT. Effects of Uric Acid on Disease Severity and Mortality in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients. Mid Blac Sea J Health Sci [Internet]. 2022 [citado 30/05/2025]; 8(2):422-31. Disponible en: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2466727

12. Townsend L, Dowds J, O'Brien K, Sheill G, Dyer AH, O'Kelly B, et al. Persistent poor health post-COVID-19 is not associated with respiratory complications or initial disease severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc [Internet]. 2021 [citado 30/05/2025]; 18(6): 997-1003. Disponible en: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/epdf/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC?role=tab

13. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. Geneva, Swiss: WHO; 2020 [citado 30/05/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1

14. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 [Internet]. Reino Unido: NICE; 2024 [citado 30/05/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188

15. Office for National Statistics. The prevalence of long COVID symptoms and COVID-19 complications [Internet]. Reino Unido: Office for National Statistics; 2020 [citado 30/05/ 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/statementsandletters/theprevalenceoflongcovidsymptomsandcovid19complications

16. Aliouche H. Purine Biosynthesis [Internet]. Reino Unido: AZoNetwork; 2025.

[citado 30/05/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.news-medical.net/suppliers/AZoNetwork-UK-Ltd.aspx

17. Carvajal Carvajal C. El ácido Úrico: De la gota y otros Males. Med Legal Costa Rica [Internet]. 2016 [citado 30/05/2025]; 33(1): 1-8. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/mlcr/v33n1/2215-5287-mlcr-33-01-00182.pdf

18. Pérez Fernández O, Mendoza Portillo E, Mendoza Rodríguez M. Delta de ácido úrico como predictor de severidad en pacientes con SARS-Cov-2. Med Crit [Internet]. 2022 [citado 26/11/2025]; 36(3): 142-7. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/mccmmc/v36n3/2448-8909-mccmmc-36-03-142.pdf

19. Weisbord SD, Palevsky PM. Prevention and management of acute kidney injury. En: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11th ed [Internet]. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. p. 940-77. [citado 26/11/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323532655000290#hl0001508

20. Lam MH, Wing YK, Yu MW, Leung CM, Ma RC, Kong AP, et al. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2009 [citado 26/11/2025]; 169(22): 2142-7. Disponible en: DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.384

21. Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak TA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020[citado 26/11/2025]; 7(7): 611–627. Disponible en: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7234781/

22. Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, Graham MS, Penfold RS, Bowyer RC, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med [Internet].2021 [citado 26/11/2025]; 27, 626–631. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01292-y#citeas

23. Taquet M, Skorniewska Z, De Deyn T, Hampshire A, Trender WR, Hellyer PJ, et al. Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK.The Lancet Psycuiatry [Internet]. 2024 [citado 26/11/2025]; 11(9): 696-708. Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(24)00214-1/fulltext

Published

2025-12-02

How to Cite

1.
Labrada Cruz MM, Rodríguez Martínez M, García Rodríguez YI, Núñez González A, Estrada Scott M. Persistently elevated uric acid in post-COVID-19 syndrome. RM [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 2 [cited 2025 Dec. 4];29:e3166. Available from: https://revmultimed.sld.cu/index.php/mtm/article/view/3166

Issue

Section

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES