Risk factors for early cardiotoxicity due to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Keywords:
Cardio-oncology, Cardiotoxicity, Chemotherapy, Heart failure.Abstract
Introduction: chemotherapy triples the risk of myocardial toxicity. Along with second neoplasms, it is the most frequent cause of mortality in long-surviving breast cancer patients.
Objective: to identify the risk factors for early cardiotoxicity due to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Method: a prospective longitudinal study of a single cohort was carried out, with 224 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment followed up in the cardio-oncology consultation of the specialties polyclinic at the General Provincial Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes", Bayamo, Granma, Cuba, in the period from January 15, 2019 to March 23, 2021. Independent predictors of cardiotoxicity were obtained using multivariate logistic regression.
Results: the prevalence of cardiotoxicity was 19.2% with a mean age of 60.4 years ±12.7; Hypertension, dyslipidemia and other risk markers for cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus (RR 2.8), hypertensive heart disease (RR 7.8), left ventricular hypertrophy (RR 3.3) and epicardial fat > 6 mm, were variables significantly related to the risk of cardiotoxicity.
Conclusions: hypertensive heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, Diabetes Mellitus, age ≥65 years and dyslipidemia increased the risk of cardiotoxicity and were significantly related to it, therefore, they turned out to be risk factors with independent influence on cardiotoxicity. The results obtained allow us to plan studies to predict the development and reversibility of cardiotoxicity in high-risk patients receiving cardioprotective treatments.
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