Psychosocial factors and depression

Authors

  • Andrés Vázquez Machado Policlínico Docente Jimmy Hirzel. Bayamo. Granma, Cuba.

Keywords:

DEPRESSION/epidemiology, DEPRESSION/psychology.

Abstract

Introduction: depression is a serious public health problem and a major cause of disability worldwide.
Objective: to identify the relationship between depression and some psychosocial factors.
Method: descriptive, transversal research of 114 depressed patients and 64 mentally sound who came to the hospital Madre Obrera, in Llallagua, Bolivia, between June 2006 and February 2008. Some demographic variables and early and current adverse events were identified. Chi square and odds ratio for statistical analysis were used.
Results: depression was more common in women, the mean age was 45.9 years; the risk factors for depression were the illiteracy, unemployment, being a housewife, being divorced or widowed and have 5 or more children. Early adverse events were more common in depressed patients (74.6%) than in healthy ones (53.1%). Almost all depressed persons (99.1%) referred current negative events; the average of events in them was 4.2 and 1.4 in the healthy.
Conclusions: traumatic experiences that occur at early ages of life predispose to depression in adulthood. Depressed people have more current vital negative events and seem to be more susceptible to the depressant effect of them.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1.Vázquez Machado A. La depresión. Rev Ciencias Méd Hab [Internet]. 2011 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 17 (2). Disponible en: http://www.cpicmha.sld.cu/hab/vol17_2_11/hab14211.html

2.Mori N, Caballero J. Historia natural de la depresión. Rev Perú Epidemiol [Internet]. 2010 [Citada 2014-03-12]; 14(2):86-90. Disponible en: http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bvrevistas/epidemiologia/v14_n2/pdf/a02v14n2.pdf

3.Sobocki P, Jonsson B, Angst J, Rehnberg C. Cost of depression in Europe. J Ment Health Policy Econ [Internet]. 2006 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 9(2):87-98. Disponible en: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/17007486/reload=0;jsessionid=9JDRDg184Gy9gDulIvkn.12

4.Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR. et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder. Results from the national comorbidity survey replication (NCS-R). JAMA [Internet]. 2003 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 289(23):3095-3105. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12813115

5.Pinto Masís D, Gómez-Restrepo C, Uribe Restrepo M, Miranda C, Pérez A, Espriella M. La carga económica de la depresión en Colombia: costos directos del manejo intrahospitalario. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 39(3):465-80. Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80619187002

6.Valladares A, Dilla T, Sacristán JA. La depresión: una hipoteca social. Últimos avances en el conocimiento del coste de la enfermedad. Actas Esp Psiquiatr [Internet]. 2009 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 37(1):49-53. Disponible en: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=616d8bd0-8ea1-4563-ac2f-e90fc65349ac%40sessionmgr114&vid=1&hid=123&bdata=Jmxhbmc9ZXMmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#db=lth&AN=37033593

7.Cadena LP, Díaz LA, Rueda GE, Hernández NL, Campo A. Prevalencia actual del trastorno depresivo mayor en la población de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Rev Fac Nac Salud Púb. [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 28(1):36-41. Disponible en: http://scholar.google.com.cu/scholar?hl=es&q=Prevalencia+actual+del+trastorno+depresivo+mayor+en+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+de+Bucaramanga%2C+Colombia+and+%287.%09Cadena+LP%2C+D%C3%ADaz+LA%2C+Rueda+GE%2C+Hern%C3%A1ndez+NL%2C+Campo+A%29&btnG=&lr=

8.Chen MC, Hamilton JP, Gotlib IH. Decreased hippocampal volume in healthy girls at risk of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 67(3):270-6. Disponible en: http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=210637

9.Bradley RG, Binder EB, Epstein MP, Tang Y, Nair HP, Liu W; et al. Influence of child abuse on adult depression. Moderation by the corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2008 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 65(2):190-200.Disponible en: http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=482603

10.Alvarado R, Numhauser J, Vera A. Factores psicosociales asociados a cuadros depresivos en mujeres adultas de la isla de Chiloé. Rev Salud Publ [Internet]. 2008 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 2(1):8-16. Disponible en: http://www.captura.uchile.cl/handle/2250/10633

11.Álvaro Estramiana JL, Garrido Luque A, Schweiger Gallo I. Causas sociales de la depresión. Una revisión crítica del modelo atributivo de la depresión. Rev Internac Sociol [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 68(2):333-48. Disponible en: http://revintsociologia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/revintsociologia/article/viewArticle/328

12.Danese A, Moffitt TE, Pariante CM, Ambler A, Poulton R, Caspi A. Elevated inflammation levels in depressed adults with a history of childhood maltreatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2008 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 65(4):409-16. Disponible en: http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=482680

13.Berenzon Gorn S, Tiburcio Sainz M, Medina-Mora Icaza ME. Variables demográficas asociadas con la depresión: diferencias entre hombres y mujeres que habitan en zonas urbanas de bajos ingresos. Salud Mental [Internet] 2005 [Citado 2014-03-12];28(6):33-40.Disponible en: http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/salmen/sam-2005/sam056e.pdf

14.Bromet E, Andrade LH, Hwang I, Sampson NA, Alonso J, Girolamo G; et al. Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode. BMC Medicine [Internet] 2011 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 9:7015-41. Disponible en: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/9/90/

15.Romans S, Cohen M, Forte T. Rates of depression and anxiety in urban and rural Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2011 [Citado 2014-03-12]; 46(7):567-75. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20376426

16.Clavarino A, Hayatbakhsh MR, Williams GM, Bor W, O’Callaghan M, Najman JM. Depression following marital problems: different impacts on mothers and their children? A 21-year prospective study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2011 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 46:833-41. Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-010-0253-8#page-1

17.Sidlauskaite-Stripeikiene I, Zemaitiene N, Klumbiene J. Associations between depressiveness and psychosocial factors in Lithuanian rural population. Medicine (Kaunas) [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 46(10):693-99. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393988

18.Al-Otaibi B, Al-Wegayyan A, Taher H, Sarkhou E, Gloom A, Aseeri F. Depressive symptoms among kuwaití population attending primary healthcare setting: prevalence and influence of sociodemographic factors. Med Princ Practice [Internet]. 2007 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 16(5):384-88. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17709928

19.McCrory E, Brito SA. de, Viding E. Research review: The neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2010 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 51(10):1079-95. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20546078

20. Andersen SL, Tomada A, Vincow ES, Valente E, Polcari A, Teicher MH. Preliminary evidence for sensitive periods in the effect of childhood sexual abuse on regional brain development. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosc [Internet]. 2008 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 20:292-301. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18806232

21.Nanni V, Uher R, Danese A. Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment outcome in depression: A meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2012 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 169:141-51. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420036

22.Polanczyk G, Caspi A, Williams B, Price TS, Danese A, Sugden K; et al. Protective effect of CRHR1 gene variants on the development of adult depression following childhood maltreatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2009 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 66(9):978-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19736354

23.Risch N, Herrell R, Lehner T, Liang KY, Eaves L, Hoh J. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA [Internet] 2009 Jun [Citado 2014-03-14]; 301(23):2462-71. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19531786

24.Muscatell KA, Slavich GM, Monroe SM, Gotlib IH. Stressful life events, chronic difficulties, and the symptoms of clinical depression. J Nerv Ment Dis [Internet]. 2009 Mar [Citado 2014-03-14]; 197(3):154-60. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19282680

25.Vázquez Machado A. Relación entre violencia y depresión en mujeres. Rev Neuropsiquiatr [Internet]. 2007 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 70(1-4):88-95. Disponible en: http://www.upch.edu.pe/famed/revista/index.php/RNP/article/viewFile/658/695

26.Álvarez Zúñiga M, Ramírez Jacobo B, Silva Rodríguez A, Coffin Cabrera N, Jiménez Rentería ML. La relación entre depresión y conflictos familiares en adolescentes. Int J Psychol & Psycholog Ther [Internet]. 2009 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 9(2):205-16. Disponible en: http://www.ijpsy.com/volumen9/num2/232/la-relacion-entre-depresion-y-conflictos-ES.pdf

27.Gómez-Restrepo C, Bohórquez A, Pinto Masis D, Gil Laverde JFA, Rondón Sepúlveda M, Díaz-Granados N. Prevalencia de depresión y factores asociados con ella en la población colombiana. Rev Panam Salud Pública [Internet]. 2004 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 16(6):378-86. Disponible en: http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/v16n6/23682.pdf

28.Keller MC, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Association of different adverse life events with distinct patterns of depressive symptoms. Am J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2007 [Citado 2014-03-14]; 164:1521-29. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17898343

Published

2016-07-20

How to Cite

1.
Vázquez Machado A. Psychosocial factors and depression. RM [Internet]. 2016 Jul. 20 [cited 2025 Jun. 3];20(3):585-602. Available from: https://revmultimed.sld.cu/index.php/mtm/article/view/202

Issue

Section

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES