Risks for the child diagnosed with mastocytosis in the face of monkeypox infection

Abstract

Introduction: Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus. Since June 2022, the World Health Organization has warned about the increase in cases in non-endemic countries, with a predominance of cutaneous manifestations. Cases that progress to the complicated form of the disease are those presenting associated comorbidities, as occurs in mastocytosis, which is characterized by an altered immune response.

Objective: To compile information on the main risks for children diagnosed with mastocytosis in the face of monkeypox infection.

Methods: The available literature was reviewed in Scopus, SciElo, PubMed Central, MedlinePlus, ClinicalKey, LILACS, WHO, PAHO, and INFOMED. The descriptors used were medical genetics, genetic dermatologic diseases, mastocytosis, monkeypox, and zoonosis.

Analysis and synthesis of information: Based on the etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mastocytosis and monkeypox, the main risks for children diagnosed with mastocytosis in the context of monkeypox infection are described, such as urticarial manifestations, anaphylaxis, and mast cell activation syndrome, which can lead the child to develop severe conditions. Key elements for the management of these patients are discussed.

Conclusions: Children diagnosed with mastocytosis are at risk of developing complications from monkeypox infection, which may include anaphylaxis, systemic damage, and death. Recognizing the clinical manifestations allows for better management of these patients and contributes to prevention.